Understanding New York’s No-Fault Insurance System

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New York state is a no-fault state, which means that if you have the required coverage, your insurance company pays for the first $50,000 in economic damages from an accident no matter who caused it. If you are involved in an automobile accident that results in more than $1,000 in damages to the vehicle, you must file an MV104A form with the Department of Motor Vehicles within 10 days. Failure to file could result in your driver's license being suspended. You can obtain this form through your insurance agent or carrier. In order to sue the at-fault driver for pain and suffering and for economic loss in excess of $50,000, you must have sustained a serious injury, as defined by law. Serious injury is a complicated definition so, if you require medical care, call a personal injury attorney.

If someone is driving your car with your permission and has an accident, you may be responsible for any damages or lawsuits that result from the accident. Talk to your insurance agent about sufficient protection for your family and your assets. If you leave the keys in your car on the street, you may be responsible for damages if your car is stolen and is involved in an accident.

In addition to handling thousands of auto accident cases for injured clients, Faraci Lange, LLP also assists many of these claimants in obtaining all of the no-fault first party benefits to which they are entitled under New York law. Our Buffalo car accident lawyers only pursue no-fault claims on behalf of clients in auto accident cases and practice in this area only to assist current clients. Therefore, Faraci Lange, LLP will only undertake no-fault claims for established auto accident clients and does not handle no-fault claims independently.

To learn more, including how we can help you with your car accident claim, contact us online or call (888) 997-4110 today. Your initial consultation is free. 

What Is No-Fault insurance?

Under New York no-fault insurance law, each injured victim of an auto accident is entitled to payment for certain first party benefits. These benefits include all medical expenses up to a limit of $50,000 and lost wage benefits for up to three years. Some insurance policies provide additional coverage beyond the minimum required by law.

What If the Insurance Company Refuses to Pay?

Many times, the insurance carrier will deny claims for payment or reimbursement of these expenses for various reasons. When this is the case, legal action must be taken to secure reimbursement.

There are several options available, including filing a lawsuit against the insurance company—whether your own or the defendant’s—for failure to pay benefits, and, in some instances, agreeing to arbitrate these claims before a neutral arbitrator. The decision on which route to take is a complex one and must be made on a case-by-case basis with the assistance of an experienced attorney.

No-Fault Insurance in New York

In 1974, an effort to combat rising automobile insurance rates, the New York legislature passed sweeping changes to insurance law with the intent of providing a basic level of economic coverage for New York drivers hurt in motor vehicle accidents while at the same time significantly curtailing the number of motor vehicle cases litigated in the state courts.

Known as the no-fault law, the statutes create a dual system for compensating persons involved in motor vehicle accidents. Regardless of fault, every automobile insurance policy in New York provides for the payment of first-party benefits of up to $50,000 for "basic economic loss" for covered persons injured in car accidents, but bars the filing of lawsuits against the at-fault party to recover non-economic loss (e.g. pain and suffering) except for those who have suffered "serious injury" as defined by the statute. This article will provide a basic outline of how the no-fault system works and will identify some of the pitfalls that can confront New Yorkers injured in motor vehicle accidents.

Who Is covered Under the No-Fault Law?

The no-fault statute defines "covered persons" to include any pedestrian injured through the use of operation of a motor vehicle; any owner, occupant, or operator of a motor vehicle; or any other person entitled to first party benefits. Generally, for accidents occurring in New York State or for vehicles insured in New York State, this includes the named insured under the insurance policy and members of the named insured's household. Bicyclists are also covered persons.

The no-fault law permits insurance companies to exclude coverage for persons who:

• Intentionally injure themselves
• Are operating under the influence of alcohol or drugs
• Are committing a felony
• Are knowingly passengers in a stolen car
• Are injured while fleeing the police or while racing

Generally, for these to apply, the insurance company must provide an express exclusion in the policy, which carriers do not always do. In the absence of an express exclusion, there may be no-fault coverage even in some of the circumstances listed above.

Motorcyclists and their passengers are excluded from no-fault coverage, as are non-pedestrians injured by motorcycles. Pedestrian victims of motorcycles are covered by no-fault.

Generally, drivers and occupants of uninsured vehicles are excluded from coverage, as are people who are injured repairing, servicing, or maintaining motor vehicles in a repair facility, as opposed to on a roadway.

First Party Benefits

This is the core coverage under the New York no-fault law that provides up to $50,000 for "basic economic loss" to persons injured in or by an insured vehicle. This coverage, which is on the vehicle and is mandated by law, is often called "personal injury protection," or "PIP." It is available regardless of fault to cover medical expenses, lost wages, and certain other expenses caused by a motor vehicle accident.

Although $50,000 is mandatory on all motor vehicle policies in New York, car owners can buy additional protection above the mandatory $50,000. This is often referred to as "additional personal injury protection," or “APIP.”

To obtain first party benefits, an injured party must give the carrier notice of the accident. This will require the injured party to submit a written application to the insurance carrier on a standard form that can be obtained by calling the carrier to report the accident. This form must be properly filled out and filed within 30 days of the accident. Failure to file this form on time will permit the insurance carrier to disclaim coverage for first party benefits. Once the application is timely filed, the insurance carrier is responsible for paying medical expenses related to the accident, lost wages caused by the accident, and other "reasonable and necessary expenses."

Medical Bills

For medical bills, the injured party must give his or her health care providers the insurance information for the no-fault carrier, which normally includes:

• The name of the company
• The claim number
• The name of the adjuster responsible for the claim

Armed with that information, the medical provider must bill the no-fault carrier within 45 days of the date of service and failure to do so will result in the carrier being allowed to disclaim coverage.

Once the no-fault carrier has been timely billed, the carrier must pay the bill within 30 days or must provide a written disclaimer stating the reasons why the carrier refuses to cover the bill. The automobile insurance carriers pay bills according to an agreed-upon fee schedule that pays medical providers substantially less than their normal fee. Frequently, insurance carriers issue partial disclaimers where they are billed in an amount that is different from the fee schedule. The injured party is not responsible for paying the difference between the medical provider's normal fee and the no-fault fee schedule.

Insurance carriers disclaim medical bills on a number of grounds, the most frequent of which are that the treatment was for a condition unrelated to the accident or that the treatment was unnecessary. As a basis for the disclaimer, insurance companies rely on record-reviews and on independent medical examinations, also known as IMEs. Upon receiving a written denial, the injured party has the right to dispute the decision in a number of different forums that will be discussed later in this article.

There is no time limit for how long the carrier is obligated to pay accident-related medical expenses. However, within one year after the accident, the need for future accident-related treatment must be ascertainable. If not, such expenses can still be covered but the injured party bears the burden of showing that the expenses were ascertainable and necessitated by the accident.

Dealing with No-Fault Disputes